Most people have experienced a fire alarm system in action, whether it was during school, as part of a planned evacuation drill, or an accidental alarm during an event. But rarely do people think about how a fire alarm system actually works. The basic fire alarm system has four main purposes:
Some of the functions require complex design and engineering to accomplish, but in all cases these serve as one of the four primary functions.
All the functions of a fire alarm system are accomplished by a series of inputs and outputs. The system inputs consist of fire detection devices and system monitoring devices that activate the control panel and the outputs are responsible for occupant notification and control functions associated with life safety..
Most fire alarm systems are made up of the following components:
A fire alarm is a unit made of several devices, which uses visual and audio signalization to warn people about a possible fire, smoke, or carbon monoxide occurrence in the area of coverage. Fire alarms are usually set in fire alarm systems to provide zonal coverage for residences and commercial buildings. The warning signal is either a loud siren/bell or a flashing light, or it can include both. Some fire alarm systems use additional warnings, such as sending a voice message or making a phone call.
Smoke detectors fall into either of two types: ionization and photoelectric. Ionization smoke detectors predate photoelectric alarms yet are considered effective at detecting flaming fires. Photoelectric smoke detectors are good at detecting fires in their early stages.
A fire alarm needs to be wired for each smoke detector to be effective. Installing your fire alarm wrong can be a potential danger to the entire home or building. If the smoke detectors are sending smoke but are not properly wired to the fire alarm, the alarm won’t be alerted by the smoke detector and a fire may go unnoticed.